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Scarlet-rumped cacique
The scarlet-rumped cacique (''Cacicus uropygialis'') is a passerine bird species in the New World family Icteridae. It breeds from eastern Honduras to Panama and in the Pacific lowlands of South America from western Colombia south to Ecuador, and in the lower reaches of the northern Andes. There are several subspecies, some of which have been proposed for elevation to full species status.
As a whole, ''C. uropygialis'' it is usually called the scarlet-rumped cacique. However, it is often split into two species, in which case this name is limited to ''Cacicus (uropygialis) microrhynchus'' (with subspecies ''pacificus''), while the nominate subspecies, ''C. u. uropygialis'', is referred to as the subtropical cacique.〔Jaramillo & Burke (1999)〕 The "true" scarlet-rumped cacique - then ''Cacicus microrhynchus'' - may also be split further; the Pacific populations have been proposed as the Pacific cacique (''Cacicus pacificus'').〔Salaman ''et al.'' (2002)〕 The AOU considers it likely that at least two species are involved, but points out that no dedicated analysis of the data at hand has been published. It therefore does not formally recognize the split at present.〔SACC (2003)〕
==Description==
The scarlet-rumped cacique is sexually dimorphic like many Icteridae, though it mainly concerns size in this species. Males are 23 cm (9 in) long and weigh 68 g (2.4 oz), while the female is 20 cm (8 in) long and weighs 53 g (1.9 oz); they follow Bergmann's Rule, with the subtropical caciques of the cooler uplands being larger. This cacique is a slim long-winged bird, with a relatively short tail, blue eyes, and a pale yellow pointed bill. It has mainly black plumage, apart from a scarlet patch on the lower back and upper rump. The female is smaller and a duller black than the male, and the juvenile bird has a brownish tone to the plumage and a brownish-orange rump.
The song of these birds is a pleasant ''wheee-whee-whee-whee-wheet'', but the Pacific cacique has a descending melancholy ''wheeo-wheeo-wheeo-wheeo''. The calls birds give to members differ between the three groups: those of the subtropical cacique sound rather atypical for icterids and more like the chatter of an excited great thrush (''Turdus fuscater'').〔 The scarlet-rumped cacique in the narrowest sense has a burry ''pleeo''; the Pacific cacique has a sweeter ''keeo'' or a ''shree''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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